"An Inclusive Education Guide for
Professionals" provided by the
Professional Partnerships for Inclusive
Education.
"The Professional Partnerships for Inclusive Education project was set up to
create opportunities for professionals to meet and work with disabled
learners and families to have a better understanding of the practices of
inclusive education in different countries; what the barriers are; and to
identify solutions to make inclusive education a reality for ALL. It was also
set up so that professionals would gain a greater understanding and
broader experience of what is possible to develop inclusive education
practice across all partner countries and beyond...
A key outcome for the project was to develop a guide to increase the
understanding and confidence of professionals to support the transition
from segregated education to inclusive education. This guide includes
information and good practice from each partner country about the current
barriers to inclusive education and solutions for overcoming these barriers.
This information could be used to increase a wider understanding of the
benefits of inclusion across all areas of society.
The guide will also include information about the legal International and
European frameworks which support inclusive education..."
Is there any statistical backing for ‘the bias to inclusion’ SEN policy of the Coalition Government, towards disabled children and those with special educational needs in the English education system?
Read this document by Richard Rieser for some interesting answers.
The DISS project provides an accurate, systematic and representative description of the types of support staff and their characteristics.
and deployment in schools, and how these changed over time.
It is the first longitudinal study to analyse the impact of support staff - in particular, Teaching Assistants - on teachers, teaching and pupil learning, behaviour and academic progress in everyday school settings.
The publication of "Keys To Inclusion" by Colin Newton and Derek Wilson.
'The Keys to Inclusion book is revolutionary and indeed a Bible for the inclusion movement, I hope people professing to be inclusive read it carefully and then put that into practice, The world will be such a more simpler and better place if that happens! '(Quote from a Parent - Feb 2011)
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Still the questions get asked...does inclusion work? What makes
effective inclusion? Will children get a better education?
The research is clear to us.The human rights issue is even clearer.
All children should be in mainstream schools and no more children
should be placed in special schools.Yes there will be problems to solve if this dream comes true, but
there are now anyway! Lets move on. Work on figuring it out. Its
time to change!
There is plenty of research if you need it....
New approach to Research that we are offering...
Narrative Approach to Collecting Young People’s or Parent’s Views on for example DCATCH, Child Care or other Services received. Sessions to do this would be best delivered as short days 10 – 2pm, twilights or evening sessions.
We would run these as a jargon-free interactive session and collect young people and family views on a large colourful wall graphic with their key words and images creating a rich picture of their experiences of inclusion (and exclusion) before and since the advent of DCATCH. Our aim would be to collect stories from at least 3 separate groups, share the stories across the groups, asking each group to be a kind of ‘outsider witness’ to the stories of the others, and inviting them to add their own stories. This model of engaging with groups in the community is built on this criss-cross exchange of stories and messages. Implicit in these stories will be the knowledge, skills, values and dreams that are developing locally. We would then extract the headline themes that emerge from these sessions and use these as the basis for writing this work up.
A mother's battle to have her son's capacity to understand and communicate with support recognised. This film tells the story of Nihal Armstrong, a boy with Celebral Palsy whose misdiagnosed learning difficulties saw him spend some of his primary years within special needs education. Have a look at it here.
In May 2010 a group of people from the Netherlands and Colin Newton and his son Louis from Inclusive Solutions the UK led by Trix Grooff travelled to Bologna, Italy and visited two middle schools, one 3-5 year old school (scuola maternal) and two primary schools, one of which was in Rimini, over the course of 3 days. Follow the link for impressions and comments based on the observations made and the interviews with staff across the schools. They are limited by the short period of time and by working through a second language but are still very interesting for anyone interested in approaches to inclusion across Europe.
Click on the flier to download pdf with more information and order form.
Inclusion
Check out this unequivocal quote in the TASH Journal
Spring 2004 from Mary Falvey – Professor at California State
University in LA:
"Since (1977) hundreds of rigorous research studies have been
undertaken to determine the effectiveness of integrating and including
students with severe disabilities. As a result of a comprehensive
review of the extant literature by myself and my colleagues, we
were unable to identify even a singleresearch article that that
found that segregated service delivery models are more effective
than integrated models for students with severe disabilities."
Click here to read this great paper about the values of inclusion.
Two ideal primers that will point you in the direction
of more in depth studies that have researched a wide range of
strands relating to educational inclusion.
Acceptance or rejection of inclusive education for all students is primarily a matter of attitude. There is no longer any argument that the inclusive approach cannot work, that teachers cannot undertake it without unfair stress, that the education of other students will be harmed, or that included ...
A synthesis of the literature that informs best practices about
inclusive schooling. This is really useful and will bring you speedily
up to date with key research in the field Pub by Paul Brookes Co.
Baltimore. Paul Brookes are the main US pubs on inclusion issues
- worth getting their catalogue
Also we really like anything that comes out of The Institute
on Disability at the University of New Hampshire. Try;
This book provides what some would deem a 'balanced' UK
perspective. This book can be located from the Amazon
site.
Resourcing Special Educational Needs and Reducing Reliance on Statements
This issue causes school, LEAs and parents all kinds of headaches
and if not done effectively can become a serious obstacle to
inclusion. We are very interested in approaches to resourcing that
do not rely on statements. We worked in Nottinghamshire and Nottingham
and were involved in the development of the Mainstream Support
Group system of resourcing that has reduced reliance on statements
for resourcing in these two LEAs.This approach involved increasing
the involvement and ownership of the process by school based
staff. Such approaches support inclusion and increase trust.We offer training and development work based on these experiences.
A recent research publication which shows the benefits of reducing
reliance on statements can be downloaded here.
Mark Vaughan OBE, Founder & Co-Director, CSIE said:
'All LEAs are working to the same laws and regulations, which call for inclusion of disabled pupils. It is time for the Government to take a firmer hand and get the higher segregating authorities to develop stronger inclusion policies. If Newham can do it with academic and social success, then so can every other authority.'
Newham LEA, which has actively pursued a policy of inclusion in education for 21 years, placed 0.06% of its 0-19 year olds with statements in special schools and other segregated settings, while South Tyneside placed 1.46%.
'It is simply unfair and unjust for families that moves towards inclusion have been so slow, and that these variations still exist 22 years after the law to include disabled pupils in mainstream education first came into force'
Inclusive education is a human right, its good education and it makes good social sense
Human Rights
All children have the right to learn together
Children should not be devalued or discriminated against by being excluded or sent away because of their disability or learning difficulty
Disabled adults, describing themselves as special school survivors, are demanding an end to segregation
There are no legitimate reasons to separate children for their education. Children belong together -- with advantages and benefits for everyone. They do not need to be protected from each other
Good Education
Research shows children do better, academically and socially, in inclusive settings
There is no teaching or care in a segregated school which cannot take place in an ordinary school
Given commitment and support, inclusive education is a more efficient use of educational resources
Social Sense
Segregation teaches children to be fearful, ignorant and breeds prejudice
All children need an education that will help them develop relationships and prepare them for life in the mainstream
Only inclusion has the potential to reduce fear and to build friendship, respect and understanding
Effective Classrooms and Schools
Did you know that based on research the top 6 most effective instructional strategies in the classroom are as follows?
Identifying similarities and differences
Summarising and note taking
Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
Homework and practice
Non Linguistic representations
Cooperative learning
This was based on meta analysis, combining the results of numerous studies.
Organizing students in heterogeneous cooperative learning groups at least once a week has a significant effect on learning (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001).
Low-ability students perform worse when grouped in homogeneous ability groups (Kulik & Kulik, 1991, 1997; Lou et al, 1996)
We hate the label 'low ability' and find it meaningless in the face of Multiple Intelligences work or when viewing pupils from a 'Gifts' perspective. Yet grouping by ability is still a dominant approach in primary and secondary education across UK.
Where is the research to support the efficacy of such activity?
'Students of low ability actually perform worse when they are placed in homogenous groups' Marzano, 2005.
This American research is supported by that carried out by NFER in 1998 concluded ' there are no significant differences between streaming, setting and mixed ability teaching on pupil achievement'. Also they conclude that: 'within homogenous groups teachers are predisposed to make negative judgemental of low ability pupils which, in turn, negatively affects these pupils' self perceptions, levels of achievement and experience of schooling'. (Streaming, Setting and grouping by ability, NFER,1998
Circles of Support Stirling Scotland. The Circles Project facilitates school based circles of support for disabled children. A circle usually consist of 6-8 volunteers from the child's class who agree to meet weekly with the child and an adult facilitator, to work together to increase the child's social opportunities and choices. Read the PLUS Approach to Circles of support.here.
Click here for Interim Evaluation Results February 2006 to July 2007
Circles of Adults Research
Look at Educational Psychology in Practice Vol 27 no1 March 2011 Sue Bennet and Jeremy Monsen: 'A critical appraisal of four approaches which support teachers' problem solving within educational settings.
In this paper the benefits of collaborative working with teachers and school staff to develop a critical understanding of psychological process underpinning their work are recognised but the authors call for more robust research and evidence.
So if you are reading this - get out there and do some more research! All our evaluations, and single case studies have shown the process to be robust, valid and effective at many levels.
Circle of Adults in Scotland
Anita Harrison, Sarah Williams and Lois Braithwaite In June 2006, a number of East Lothian Education Provisions and other agencies involved in supporting children and young people with severe and complex needs were identified and invited to participate in the Circle of Adults project.
This project arose from a need to develop a consultation process for professionals working with children and young people with severe and complex needs. The book Circle of Adults – A team approach to problem solving around challenging behaviour and emotional needs (Wilson & Newton, 2006), emerged as an attractive model with potential for application in this situation. It combines many important features; graphic facilitation, group process and a structured and evaluated framework. The Circle of Adults approach is a 10-step problem-solving approach, with each step allocated a fixed amount of time. This model was designed for interventions requiring significant planning and given the cost in terms of time and resources it was decided that it would be for used with problems at the top end of the staged assessment and intervention process. The concept of working with staff in a group to maximise expertise and build capacity to create solutions was very appealing. During the period of September 2006 to December 2007 12 Circle of Adults sessions were held, approximately monthly.
Each Circle of Adults session was facilitated by two Educational Psychologists: one in the role of graphics facilitator, the other in the role of process facilitator. A number of methods were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the project in meeting its initial aims with very positive outcomes.
Scotland have piloted Restorative Practice in three councils and have evaluated progress so far with encouraging results.
'Such developments as RP (Restorative Practice) take time and this has been recognised by the Scottish Executive who have extended the period of the pilot projects. Nevertheless, the evaluation shows evidence of substantial change in the schools studied in the period of the evaluation; in half of the schools there was strong evidence of improved relationships within the school community. Clearly, as indicated earlier, this progress has to be seen in the context of the whole range of initiatives, practices and developments in these schools during the evaluation period. Indeed one feature of the successful schools is their willingness to reflect on practice and engage with change.
When introduced in schools with at least a number of receptive staff and when the initiative was supported by commitment, enthusiasm, leadership and significant staff development, there was a clear positive impact on relationships in school. This was identifiable through the views and actions of staff and pupils, as well as evident in measurable reduction in playground incidents, discipline referrals, exclusion and use of external behaviour support.' Conclusion of 2007 Scottish Executive Research.
Nottingham City Council demonstrated its endorsement of inclusion through consultation and publication of a progresive Inclusion Policy Statement . The statement explicitly adopts the social model of disability with its focus on the removal of barriers. The social model contrasts with the traditional medical model of disability which identifies the individual's impairment as creating a special problem in need of treatment.
This 17 page book presents the views of some of the young people who attend schools in Nottingham. They were encouraged to comment on their experiences of the inclusion process to highlight good practice.
Movement Differences
Understanding Movement Differences can be key to including many challenging children and adults who appear very different and may have labels of autism, Tourette syndrome, or severe learning difficulty.
The National College for the Leadership of Schools and Children’s Services (the National College: the successor body to the National College for School Leadership) has brought together the key messages from the Ofsted work and their own research into effective school leadership. They identify four key elements relating to the effective leadership and management of SEN and disability:
Our current research interests/developing themes include:
Friendship and relationships
Facilitated Communication
Leadership for inclusion
Trust and effective team management
Curriculum and Connection: How do our typical ways of delivering
the curriculum in schools support the making (or breaking) of
relationships for students with a disability or difference?
Beyond the IEP: How can teacher planning for pupils with additional
learning needs become better integrated into the life and work
of schools?
Transition to Life after School: recognising the need to be
mindful of the danger of developing a segregated planning system
for students with disabilities? How can curricula, community
partnerships and support systems help students with and without
labels to plan and prepare for the future?
From Peer Supporters to 'Community Connectors': -developing
further tools to support the intentional building of relationships
in schools and beyond.
Building Collaborative Teams: moving towards new ways of working
together
Useful research links can be found from this useful site in Sheffield, UK
'In a time when we attend very much to the mechanisms and techniques
for delivering curriculum, we need to keep remembering that teaching
is first and foremost a matter of the development of human beings
as moral actors, as citizens, as people who are going to live in,
and need to make a difference to, a very diverse and very complex
world. And that requires far more than simply the delivery of instruction
as marked by test results. It's a matter of the heart as marked
by the kind of relationships and the sense of community that develops
over time in a school.'